Safe Luxury

Are burial vaults a funeral scam operation? I recently bought two for family members. Designer vaults. ?? I thought they were a tad pricey. Nobody ever sees the damn things, since they're in the ground before the guest of honor arrives. Aren't they, basically, a functional thing to protect the casket in the ground? And wouldn't simple concrete serve the same protective function?

Do burial vaults really prevent decomposition? I heard that burial vauls supposedly protects your loved ones from the elements (such as soil and rain) and prevents decomposition, but is this really true?

Burial vaults Is there a vault made that has a water resevor ? Years back a vault was sold to a family with a resevor the cost of the resevor was $200.00 is there such a thing or did the family get taken for $200?

what do you call those burial vaults or tombs above the ground? those vaults made of marble, granite, etc. that acts as monuments for the dead and what do you call those burial vaults that are on top of another vault usually owned by one family.thanks not the mausoleum...just the box type extrusion with the name, d.o.b. etc. and not the tombstone either.

Those coffins or burial vaults in Georgia, why store so many millions, what better way to hide something than Why would any company need to store so many millions of burial vaults? And what better way to hide something than in plain site. It's the oldest trick in the book. I remember in school the teacher told a couple stories and one was about a guy riding a bicycle across the border and he had a backpack and they searched the backpack and never found anything and another guy was wheeling wheelbarrows across the border filled with straw and they always searched through the straw for something he might be smuggling and never found anything and it turned out the guy on the bicycle was smuggling bicycles and the guy with the wheelbarrow was smuggling wheelbarrows so the obvious gets right by everyone.

How long on average will a concrete burial vault last underground? How many years will a concrete burial vault last and what would the condition of the casket be in after approx 25 yrs? just curious after visiting family. Thank you. Also, how would a grave a few feet away from a large tree be affected from the roots,etc.

Should we outlaw burial vaults and cremation because they inhibit the developement of fossil fuel? What do you people think "fossil" fuel came from?

Do they ever put burial vaults on TOP of caskets? This past week we buried my aunt and as we watched the actual burial, they placed the large, metal, SOLID vault on TOP of her casket in the ground. Is this normal? I thought that the whole idea of the vault was to protect the casket from outside damage (ground, animals, water, etc) and to keep the ground solid above the casket. It didn't make sense that they would just set this incredibly heavy thing on top of the casket. I've done a few internet searches and didn't find any results related to this. Any information would be greatly appreciated.

Is there any device that can detect the condition of a underground burial vault? is there any sonar detection device, etc that can scan through the ground to find the condition and/or a xray of a concrete burial vault to determine its condition without actually seeing it?

can muslims be buried in crypts or burial vaults?

What do you think about the new "Green Burial" cemeteries being started around the country? Green burial seeks to return one’s remains to the earth, as directly and simply as possible. It thus avoids embalming (and its toxic chemicals), metal caskets and burial vaults that are standard features of the modern funeral. http://www.gravematters.us/faqs.html

Are burial vaults mandatory in Missouri?

how do I go about finding a family burial vault in London? where do I start looking first? after doing some research it turns out my husbands family have a private vault somewhere in London. can anyone suggest how I might go about finding it? no one in the family knows.

how much money will I need to start a burial vault business?

what is a burial vault and whats the difference between a vault and a coffin?

what are the advantages of concrete burial vault ? Is there any court order explaining the benfits of constructing concrete burial vault in India?

How long would a 13g casket last underground with a standard cement burial vault.? What shape would a casket be in after approx. 30 years underground(ohio) enclosed in a standard concrete vault.

Which burial vault company is better? Wilbert or Clark? I just want to know which is more durable and will protect the casket the longest time, so people will know there loved one is being preserved underground. Which company has the best choice of burial vaults and urn vaults for there durability and quality? Thank you

are all americans buried in a burial vault when they die? or just some of them? by burial vault i mean the metal box the casket is placed in.

How would we go about selling burial plots in Illinois when we are in Florida? We have 2 plots, vaults, markers in Illinois that we purchased in the 70's. We now plan for cremation and don't know how to sell such a thing. I would like to add that I know where I can list them, but I don't know the business end of it, as it involves a deed to property. I'm guessing that would mean more than just exchanging funds.

IF a Believer is buried within a Burial Vault or Mausoleum, will they be trapped within as the Rapture occurs? Sources: Answerer "thinkin' out loud" and Edgar Allen Poe's "The Premature Burial."

Which of the following is true about the pyramids? Which of the following is true about the pyramids? A. They contained the pharaoh's most valued possessions. B. They told of the king's victories in war. C. They were the tombs of pharaohs who were heroes in battle. D. They formed the burial vaults for kings in the New Kingdom. Forgot to take out answer C.. Its either A B or D. the correct answer is A

Can more than one persons cremains be put in the same vault or burial plot? This may sound like a stupid question! However, human cremains do not take up much space. So, can a burial plot used for one individual later be reopened and more family cremains be put into the same vault or burial space underground or must they be in two seperate vaults in one burial space? For example, my family has 6 burial plots and 15 years ago my grandfather died and he was buried in half a plot in a cement vault. Last month my Grandmother died and she was put in the same (other half of the) plot but in a different vault. Could they have dug up my grandfathers vault and added my grandmothers remains in his vault? I know a casket fills one whole burial plot, but cremation vaults are so small. What or where can I find Indiana State Burial Laws? My parents want to know for their funeral arrangements. We live in Indiana and plan to be buried in the family plots along with (or beside) my grandparents. Thanks for input!

What do you think about the "Green Cemeteries" being started around the country? Green burial seeks to return one’s remains to the earth, as directly and simply as possible. It thus avoids embalming (and its toxic chemicals), metal caskets and burial vaults that are standard features of the modern funeral. http://www.gravematters.us/faqs.html

Why is FEMA buying hundreds of thousands of burial vault, grave liners? http://fight-tyranny.blogspot.com/2008/07/500000-fema-plastic-coffins-in-atlanta.html http://cryptogon.com/?p=2957

How decomposed would a human body be after 2 months? I am doing a forensic course and i have asked this question before but didn't get the answer i was looking for. okay say if a body went through emablming and was put inside a coffin within a burial vault 6feet under how decomposed would it be after this length of time?

Is Paris justified in insisting that Romeo is guilty of the deaths of Tybalt and Juliet? Romeo and Juliet quesiton please answer for 10 points asap thanks alot ! also.. What punishment does Paris demand for disturbing a burial vault? also.. How do Mercutio and Romeo complement each other's strenghts and weaknesses?

what is a crypt or a burial vault? other

what is a burial vault ? science

Can an infant burial vault collapse? My girlfriend went to her sons grave today and the ground was sunken, so much so that she could stand in it and the surrounding area was up to her mid calf. There are two questions we have: 1. Could the vault have collapsed? It was plastic or fiberglass, so that is what our thoughts are. I wouldnt thin that the natural settling of the dirt could cause THAT much sinking. 2. Would there be a way of proving it and getting it repaired, replaced, or fixed, other than just covering it with dirt? Any help would be greatly appreciated, and I cant find anything on the internet. We live in Florida, so snow is not the case, and his vault is NOT concrete... It is plastic or fiberglass. The vault was also a combo vault, so it latches around the bottom of the casket. It was not actually in the ground until the casket was placed in the ground. Before lowering, the vault was placed over the casket, if that helps.

What happens to a body after burial? A properly embalmed body in the US, buried in a coffin that is inside a vault, 6 feet under. I'm assuming the decomposition is different from an unembalmed body open to the elements? I ask because my parents just died and it's a natural curiosity.

Do I need to purchase a casket or a vault or both? I just found our my father has only a few weeks left..we are going the the in ground vault burial chamber but when I contact the funeral home im not sure If I will need to purchase a Vault (concrete box) or a casket or both? We are going to have calling hour for him and im not sure how that would work with a vault?

Is this why funeral directors have passed law for burial in this way? Muslims and Jews are exempt from this method, but atheists and Christians are mandated to have all their blood removed and replaced with fermaldehyde and hydrogen chloride. This prevents decomposition and makes body stiff as a board. Then they are placed in steel coffins or even if they get a wooden one, they are mandated to be placed in concrete vaults. Is this done so that the cemetary can easily remove the body and reuse the coffin so there's no decomposition in it and reuse the vaults and possibly burial space in the future? This is in the United States - California in particular so I won't talk about other states. Jews and Muslims are exempt because their religion states they must decompose to be with the soil so they are burried without chemicals and in wooden coffins without vaults. Nightwind that's a myth they're about contamination because the chemicals they use are extremely dangerous and do not decompose and can get into the soil and water table so I don't buy that. The vaults are placed in the ground, not over the ground type of burial. This keeps the coffin waterproof but I wonder if they go through all that trouble of making it mandatory so that they then remove the coffin and reuse them.

anybody have a job they think is creepy? I work for a concrete company that makes burial vaults, and part of my job is setting up the vault, tent, chairs etc. at the cemetery. we have to jump in the hole and make trenches for our cables we use to lower the casket to get out..i have found bones in the hole and have put my foot through somebodies casket..had a cable break one time and grandma went to rest in a hurry...i know its not funny but it happened

how to write a Newspaper article on romeo and juliet!? okay i have to write a newspaper article on romeo and juliet. its says i have to pretend like i am a investigative reporter called onto a scene of paris romeo and juliet dead in Capulet's burial vault! i am suppose to to write a newspaper article about the events leading up to there deaths. an objective report detailing the events leading up to the events... i need help ,, thanks

The Funeral Poll-Answer this funeral questionnaire & double check your answers? Do you want to be buried underground or cremated or put in a burial vault or mausoleum have your funeral services at a church or funeral home or at your house or at the cemetery have your family mourn your death or celebrate your life be wearing your very very BEST! suit or have your body naked.

Green burial/Home burial laws? I'm looking for information on laws regarding burial in the state of Illinois. If anyone can direct me to a website, I would appreciate it. My husband and I have been discussing the possibility of being buried on our property (we currently own ten acres). I've been reading up on green burials and really like the idea of being buried without the involvement of a funeral home, embalming fluid, concrete vaults, and the expense it entails. Any info you can share? I have read somewhere that if you live in a rural area (outside of city limits) and own a plot of at least 10 acres, you can set aside a portion of your own land for a burial plot. I'm trying to find out if this is true.

kansas requirements on burial (regulations and laws)? I am looking for info on mandatory requirements on the burial process in KS. Can a person be buried in a wood box, does there have to be a vault, are there state laws prohibiting this that there has to be a lined casket and a vault in order to be buried in a cemetary, or does this go back to the county or city laws or ordinances

Is FEMA my(our) friend? A usually quiet U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Cemetery, has been unusually active lately. The National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona is a beautiful 225 acre facility located in Phoenix. For the past 30-45 days in the early hours of the morning until sunset, a massive construction operation has been underway. Major amounts of earth have been excavated out about 9-10 feet deep and 600-1000 feet wide. There is multiple locations on the property like this. From the satellite view there appears to be more sections that have been covered with the concrete lids and backfilled to look as if nothing is there. ABC rock is put in place under the burial vaults for good drainage and solid bedding. This will help not contaminate ground water sources from decomposition of human bodies. The cleanliness of the heavy equipment operation and the large perfect cuts of earth is im pressive. These Massive concrete boxes are transported from a nearby storage yard on various privately owned flatbed semi-trucks, then unloaded and put into place a half mile away at the actual mass grave site. They are installed tight together side by side with no space in between. An interview was conducted between my friend and a truck driver involved in this operation. After beating around the bush for ten minutes, the driver admitted “ I got paid a whole lot of money to speak good english.” Take it for what it’s worth but that sounds suspect. The truck driver also admitted “Each burial vault holds four caskets.” I took note that if caskets were not used you could fit 40 bodies or more in each one. So if these were to hold four troops each and the truck driver did know what he was talking about; this would mean that there are plans in advance for over 4000 U.S. soldiers deaths. If these are not to contain caskets and only bodies are inserted there could be room for over 40,000 civilians bodies. See additional photos: photo 1, photo 2, photo 3, photo 4. Editor’s note: On February 11, 2009, D. H. Williams, writing for the Daily Newscaster, reported on the revelations of an Indiana county municipal official in the vicinity of Chicago who revealed how FEMA and DHS were attempting to prepare “county officials to prepare a Hazard Mitigation Plan to deal with flooding, fires, high winds and tornadoes.” “FEMA inquired to where mass graves could be placed in the county and would they accept bodies from elsewhere,” writes Williams.

did you know that FEMA are preparing mass graves in US? A usually quiet U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Cemetery, has been unusually active lately. The National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona is a beautiful 225 acre facility located in Phoenix. For the past 30-45 days in the early hours of the morning until sunset, a massive construction operation has been underway. Major amounts of earth have been excavated out about 9-10 feet deep and 600-1000 feet wide. There is multiple locations on the property like this. From the satellite view there appears to be more sections that have been covered with the concrete lids and backfilled to look as if nothing is there. ABC rock is put in place under the burial vaults for good drainage and solid bedding. This will help not contaminate ground water sources from decomposition of human bodies. The cleanliness of the heavy equipment operation and the large perfect cuts of earth is im pressive. These Massive concrete boxes are transported from a nearby storage yard on various privately owned flatbed semi-trucks, then unloaded and put into place a half mile away at the actual mass grave site. They are installed tight together side by side with no space in between. An interview was conducted between my friend and a truck driver involved in this operation. After beating around the bush for ten minutes, the driver admitted “ I got paid a whole lot of money to speak good english.” Take it for what it’s worth but that sounds suspect. The truck driver also admitted “Each burial vault holds four caskets.” I took note that if caskets were not used you could fit 40 bodies or more in each one. So if these were to hold four troops each and the truck driver did know what he was talking about; this would mean that there are plans in advance for over 4000 U.S. soldiers deaths. If these are not to contain caskets and only bodies are inserted there could be room for over 40,000 civilians bodies. See additional photos: photo 1, photo 2, photo 3, photo 4. Editor’s note: On February 11, 2009, D. H. Williams, writing for the Daily Newscaster, reported on the revelations of an Indiana county municipal official in the vicinity of Chicago who revealed how FEMA and DHS were attempting to prepare “county officials to prepare a Hazard Mitigation Plan to deal with flooding, fires, high winds and tornadoes.” “FEMA inquired to where mass graves could be placed in the county and would they accept bodies from elsewhere,” writes Williams. See Inside source reveals FEMA & DHS preparing for mass graves and martial law near Chicago. http://www.infowars.com/military-industrial-complex-prepares-mass-graves-for-us-citizens/

Need help with Accounting Question!? Goodbody Vaults Corporations produces and sells burial vaults. On July 1, 2008, Goodbody Vaults Corporation issued $12,000,000 of 10-year, 8% bonds at par. Interest on the bonds is payable semi-annually on December 31, and June 30. The fiscal year of the company is the calendar year. Instructions: 1. Illustrate the effects of the issuance of the bonds on July I, 2008, on the accounts and financial statements. 2. Illustrate the effects of the first semiannual interest payment on December 31, 2008, on the accounts and financial statements. 3. Illustrate the effects of the payments of the face value of bonds at maturity on the accounts and financial statements. 4. If the market rate of interest were 7% on July 1, 2008, would the bonds have sold at a discount or premium?

Dominic Sonseea dwarf died Temora on 28th October 1883 age 33 where is he buried? His body was taken to study by the NSW governement, however their university did not have a medical department apparently until 1962. Where is Dominic's body? Surely my great-great-great uncle is not still in a dusty vault in a museam somewhere? If so, I'd like to have him back to give him a proper burial.

How old is the earliest organic remains of the earth's strata? 1. How old is the earliest organic remains of the earth's strata? a) two thousand years b) four billion years c) four million years d) none of the above 2. The first ancestral humans were found on which continent? A) North America B) South America C) Europe D) Africa 3. When did the paleolithic culture evolve? A) Ice Age B) Iron Age C) Bronze Age D) Classical Age 4. During the last sixty years, archeologists have discovered thousands of paintings and carvings and walls of caves and surfaces in all BUT the following places. A) Europe B) South America C) North America D) Australia 5. The first civilizations of the ancient world emerged in A) India B) China C) Mesopotamia D) Rome 6. The Egyptians found security in A) the natural elements B) urban prosperity C) the system of hieroglphs D) the cats that guarded the palace 7. Which of the following is true about the pyramids? A) They contained the pharaoh's most valued possessions. B) They told of the king's victories in war. C) They were tombs of pharaohs who were heroes in battle. D) They formed the burial vaults for kings in the New Kingdom. 8. The name of the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt was: A) Narmer B) Gizeh C) Memphis D) Kahfre 9. In the art, a young girl might be seen with a basket filled with _________ on her head A) agricultural tools B) food for the deceased C) grain to feed farm animals D) wine for priestly rituals 10. Recent excavations near Gizeh suggest that the promise of life after death was A) anticipated by all social classes B) reserved for the upper classes C) extended by the pharaoh to his favorites D) offered by priests to their followers

Can we make a website for no-cost at all for our animal funeral services? Me and My best-friend (aetd96) run an "under-the counter" funeral home. And what I mean by that is we run a funeral service for animals kinda quitely. I have been doing this since I was 10 years old in 2003. I established my animal funeral service b/c in 2003 I have deicded to become a LIC. funeral director for people when I'm old enough. As of now I'm 15 and in the next year I plan on working as an apprentice at a real funeral home. I do this animal service sort-of for practice. My associates and I have been carring-out our traditions for nearly 6yrs. and we have had 4 members along my side through the years. now I only have 2 besides my self. We do not charge any money! If we are given money we donate the cash to a local animal charity or shelter. We offer complete services that any that any funeral home would normally offer. We pre-arrange, consualt, make memory cards, obituaries notices, hand-made caskets, and rubbermaid burial vaults. We only bury in owner's yard not a cemetery. We do memorbila, such as slide shows .and cremation services as well. If cremation is deisered the master of the pet must send the body to a LIC. company, once ashes are returned to the owner we offer what ever they want done. We preform Calling Hours (viewings) and Full-Funeral services as well. This is generally held at your home in the living room, we will re-arrange chairs and sofas to create a funeral home atmosphere and bring our own pink-torchiere lamps for the mood-lights setting as well. Sorry we don't embalm. As our moto at my funeral service says... "Every life is significant, everylife has a story to be told, let us help you tell that story" I'm serious in what I do, Animals have lives don't they? They have a story to be told? Why don't they desvere to have it told? Well I think they do! -- And that is why my associates and I do what we do best! If you are a funeral director and you are reading this I would appreciate your imput, I need some perfessional help. I do want to become a real Mortician in the years to come. I'm 15 so I will be soon. I'm only do the animal services now sort-of as practice. So I want to create an online website for no cost and to advertise my services. If you any questions plz. feel free to contact me by email.... nicholasfacci@yahoo.com

graveside service for burial of ashes--what is typical? I went to the first service for burial of ashes I've ever been to and was shocked to have a gravedigger roll up the astroturf, lay down on the muddy ground, and drop the box into the vault when the minister finished her words. Is this typical? They also were out there with the backhoe filling in the hole before the family was even back to the car! This was the burial of my father a week ago, and I am not kidding about the details. The top of the hole was at least 2 feet above the top of edge of the small square concrete container in the ground, so the guy had to lay down and drop the wooden box with ashes in, then lower a concrete lid onto the top. The backhoe was probably holding the dirt they had taken out of the hole, but they could have waited until we were gone to move in and dump the dirt! Yes, there was a velvet bag holding the wooden box when it was brought to the plot, but it was removed before the graveside service. Knowing that this is not typical, I am going to talk to relatives in the area and have them say something to the director of the cemetery!

Are you supposed to bury one Grandparent's coffin vault (being relocated), next to the other DURING funeral? Grandmom past away 10 years ago. But my Dad & Uncles want to relocate her plot to a newer less cramped spot. But My Grandfather passed just recently and they wanted to do it all at the same time, meaning her coffin's vault was dug up and put on a flatbed next to the funeral for my Grandfather. Then DURING the funeral both Grandparents were laid to rest at the same time in the new plot. There were heavy construction equipment used to lower my Grandmom's coffin vault into the burial plot, but it took 45 minutes because the hole dug wasn't large enough etc. It was all kinda clumsy and made some of us very uncomfortable. I'm not in the know on these things (thank goodness) but does all this seem odd to anyone? Or is it just me? Thanks!

PLEASE help anyone asap? What does the friar's plan include? Juliet must act happy. Juliet will wake up in a burial vault full of dead people. Juliet must marry Paris. Juliet must take a potion and appear dead. Friar must make sure that Romeo gets the message. Nurse must keep the secret that Juliet is really alive. Nurse must get word to Romeo to come pick Juliet up.

How would you bury an urn? My Father bought a burial plot for himself including the grave stone but wants to be cremated when he passes away. My question is how do you go about burying an urn. I thought you put urns in a crypt, vault or spread the ashes. I have never heard of anyone burring an urn. Also how much would that cost and would you have to buy a casket to put the urn into before it goes into the ground or can you just bury the urn? I would appreciate any information you guys might have on this. Thank you

Why is my husband so upset about my decision to not have a traditional funeral when I die? I just told my husband that I would like to donate my organs when I die and donate my brain for scientific study. The rest of me I'd like to have cremated and gradually spread at various places that mean a lot to me. I just want a simple impromptu memorial service at a church; no casket and no funeral home involvement. My husband on the other hand believes in traditional costly funerals with open viewings and large headstones. His mom has practically begged his dad to spend 10's of thousands on a HUGE burial vault when she dies. He was always taught that this was the ONLY way to go so now he's mad at me. My parents don't believe in funerals period. My dad wants to be cremated and have his ashes scattered in the Delaware Bay, where he's fished for years; my mom wants the same thing except she wants to be scattered in a field of wildflowers. They've always said to simply remember them when I see someone fishing or in a garden or what have you. I also feel that spending thousands on a funeral is just plain wasteful. I'd rather see the $10,000+ he would spend on a funeral buy $10,000 worth of toys for Toys for Tots; $10,000 worth of food for the local food bank; buy 20 basic computers to establish a computer/learning lab at a school or library in a dirt poor rural area in the south, Appalachian Mountains or some other ignored area in need. When I get to heaven God isn't going to care how extravagant my funeral was; he's going to ask me how many people I touched in my lifetime on this earth.

Would Anyone Know What The Name of This Movie Is? I saw a movie in the 80's, that I can't remember the name,or who was in it, it is about a goodlooking teenage boy named Joe, who was in a workcamp prison, across a field from an all girls Catholic school, Joe falls in love with a beautiful blonde girl from the Catholic school, who sneaks out to meet him in the field, which is a cemetary, they make Love in the Burial Vault at night, which they get caught by a mean prison guard with a flashlight, at the end both get away in the woods, jumping into a water fall.

How does life insurance pay off or cover most of a funeral? -I want to become a Lic. Funeral Director & Embalmer I work part-time in a family-owned independent funeral home (i don't like those chains) and by "family-owned" i mean it is independent and is owned by the original owners (not SCI, Dignity Memorial, or Stewart Enterprises, etc.) I have nothing against that, I just personally believe family-run independent funeral business are the best. I'm in high school, then im going to a community college that offers a great mortuary-science program. anyways getting back on topic, going in this field of professional career (or lifestyle has i call it) I want to know how is it people, average people, and families, can afford an average funeral which can range to $8,000-$10,000 these days. A "complete" Traditional service by itself w/o merchandise included yet is about $4,000 (I live in upstate NY and that's how it is mostly around here) lets not forget the casket, lets go with an 18 gauge steel casket priced for $3,500 ....and a burial vault, lets going with a concrete marbleon one for about $2,000 Ok, so so far you are paying the funeral home approx. $9,500.oo total now lets say you buy a single plot and a bronze flat maker for a grave (this goes to the cemetery costs, not funeral home) im guessing a single plot is about $750 and a in-expensive bronze marker is about $300? now the total grand cost is...that is $10,550.oo! -Remember that's typical funeral these days. Now, back to my main question...how is it that someone pays all of these costs off? How does life insurance or any other insurance take care of this. oh by the way, the person didn't prearranged services either. i know how prearrangements work, you pick what you like, the funeral home files it, and you begin to deposit payments (like any other payments) by months to put into a trust and cover the costs of the funeral you are planning for in the future.

Romeo and Juliet Timeline? I filled this out on a website but I just wanted to make sure that I had done it right, so that I'm not studying the wrong thing.. thanks!!!!!!!! so if you could just double check it for me.. The servants of the Capulets and Montagues start a brawl in the streets of Verona. Prince Escalus decrees that the next person who starts a public fight will face the death penalty Benvolio takes Romeo to the Capulet's party, hoping to get his mind off Rosaline Romeo and Juliet meet Romeo overhears Juliet on her balcony, pledging her love to him; they agree to get married Romeo and Juliet, now husband and wife, part at dawn Tybalt kills Mercutio Romeo kills Tybalt. Prince Escalus banishes Romeo Lord Capulet moves the wedding from Thursday to Wednesday Juliet apologizes to her father for refusing to marry Paris. Juliet drinks the sleeping potion Friar Lawrence gave her. The nurse advises Juliet to marry Paris; Juliet asks Friar Lawrence for help. Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead. Friar Lawrence discovers that his message did not reach Romeo. Romeo kills Paris. Romeo drinks poison. Juliet stabs herself. Friar Lawrence reveals that Romeo and Juliet were married. Juliet's family lays her to rest in the Capulet burial vault. Montague and Capulet shake hands and promise to build gold statues of each other's children

Can someone please help me with a romeo and juliet study guide? I forgot my book at school!? I need to put the following events in order: 1) Prince Escalus decrees that the next person who starts a public fight will face the death penalty. 2)Juliet stabs herself. 3)Friar Lawrence discovers that his message did not reach Romeo. 4)Romeo overhears Juliet on her balcony, pledging her love to him; they agree to get married. 5)Juliet apologizes to her father for refusing to marry Paris. 6)Romeo drinks poison. 7)Romeo kills Tybalt. 8)Montague and Capulet shake hands and promise to build gold statues of each other’s children. 9)Prince Escalus banishes Romeo. 10)Benvolio takes Romeo to the Capulet’s party, hoping to get his mind off Rosaline. 11)Juliet’s family lays her to rest in the Capulet burial vault. 12)Lord Capulet moves the wedding from Thursday to Wednesday. 13)Romeo kills Paris. 14)Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead. 15)Romeo and Juliet, now husband and wife, part at dawn. 16)Romeo and Juliet meet. 17)Tybalt kills Mercutio. 18)The nurse advises Juliet to marry Paris; Juliet asks Friar Lawrence for help. 19)Friar Lawrence reveals that Romeo and Juliet were married. 20)Juliet drinks the sleeping potion Friar Lawrence gave her.

Help with a romeo and juliet study guide?? I left my book at school!? I need to put the following events in order: 1) Prince Escalus decrees that the next person who starts a public fight will face the death penalty. 2)Juliet stabs herself. 3)Friar Lawrence discovers that his message did not reach Romeo. 4)Romeo overhears Juliet on her balcony, pledging her love to him; they agree to get married. 5)Juliet apologizes to her father for refusing to marry Paris. 6)Romeo drinks poison. 7)Romeo kills Tybalt. 8)Montague and Capulet shake hands and promise to build gold statues of each other’s children. 9)Prince Escalus banishes Romeo. 10)Benvolio takes Romeo to the Capulet’s party, hoping to get his mind off Rosaline. 11)Juliet’s family lays her to rest in the Capulet burial vault. 12)Lord Capulet moves the wedding from Thursday to Wednesday. 13)Romeo kills Paris. 14)Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead. 15)Romeo and Juliet, now husband and wife, part at dawn. 16)Romeo and Juliet meet. 17)Tybalt kills Mercutio. 18)The nurse advises Juliet to marry Paris; Juliet asks Friar Lawrence for help. 19)Friar Lawrence reveals that Romeo and Juliet were married. 20)Juliet drinks the sleeping potion Friar Lawrence gave her.

What do you think about the "Green Cemeteries" being started around the country? Green burial seeks to return one’s remains to the earth, as directly and simply as possible. It thus avoids embalming (and its toxic chemicals), metal caskets and burial vaults that are standard features of the modern funeral. http://www.gravematters.us/faqs.html

I buried my dad 4/24/06 when everyone had gotten to the cemetary for the service & burial wrong grave was dug? the grave that was dug was my grandfathers whom is 88 and was present. The stone at the site they dug has my grandmothers name dob&dod and just my grandfathers dob. at the bottom it says 50 golden years,my dad was53.the vault was in my granfathers grave my dads casket was sitting on top of the thing they us for the service afterwards they lowered my dad into the vault in my g-fathers grave sealed it put the vault on the back of the truck covered my g-fathers then dug my dads to lots directly to the right and buried him. What are my legal rights ? Dana Wood

Do you have to be embalmed or cremated in the US when you die? Say you want to plan for whenever you die to do something unconventional like be buried in an underground vault without being embalmed or sky-burial or excarnation would it be allowed? -I know sky burial and excarnation are not the most sanitary ways to do but for the sake of argument assume it is done way out in the middle of nowhere away from people. Sky burial is NOT cremation

What is this type of cemetery called? http://www.flickr.com/photos/rrdphoto/1341201833/ This is the typical norm for burial ground i Puerto Rico. However the grave isnt an actual undergruond covered with dirt type of thing it is a very large vault in which more than one body may be placed if need be depending on the different sizes. It is made out of solid concrete and there is a large concrete lid at the top which is opened wither for the burial or an exhumation. My great grandmother was buried in one of the vault like burial ground this past junes and since then I have always wanted to know what kind of cemetery this is reffered to.

Antonyms??? im confused?!!? what is an antonym for the following words.... jackal-any of the several wildlife of asia africa and southeastern europe sarchophagus-a stone coffin (usually decorated) ka-the soul of life of a human being which lived on after death archaeolgist-a person who studies artifacts in order to find out how people lived in the past. mummy-a dead body preserved from decay ritual-a regulary followed routine cortege-a line of people walking behind a casket funeral procession embalmer- people who mumyify bodies for burial tomb-grave vault mausoleum etc for a dead body of ten built above ground shroud-cloth agarment in which a dead person is wrapped or dressed for burial aura-somethingh that seems to come from or surround a person in the atmosphere autopsy-medical examination of a dead body to find the cause of death THANKS TO EVERYONE WHO PARTICPATED!!!! AND IF U CAN PLZ WRITE AN EXAMPLE SENT. SO I CAN UNDERSTAND THANKS!!

Do I have to buy a vault,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,? Do I have to buy a vault to put the casket in for an in ground burial? Or can they just set me in the ground in a casket and no vault?

Crossword Question? I'm on the last one... Clue is: A cellar, vault, or underground burial chamber (especially beneath a church). The last letter is "t"

Are embalming and bodily drained to the sewer or tanked and buried.? During the embalming process as the embalming fluid is be pumped into the body, and cavity filling embalming is being done. As the blood and other bodily fluids drain out running down the preparation table and discharged into a large sink, or something similar to a large toilet with no seat, where is the 'excess' embalming fluid, bodily fluids that drain off into during the embalming process, city sewer system, or into containers and buried in a safe place from the public. I would think this would a eco-system problem, and dangerous for the soil. Already embalmed, casket, vaulted, in ground burials of cadavers burials notwithstanding.

How long does it take a body in a casket to start to get nasty? Yeah, yeah, I know you've seen this question before - but this time, to prevent any "it depends" answers - here are the EXTREME specifics: Temperature: NYC climate since Nov 2006 The availability of oxygen: Buried in a "stacked" plot - has room for one more person on top of her. Prior embalming: not sure - it was a very quick died wed, viewing fri, in the ground on sat. Cause of death: Hit by car - blunt force trauma to torso, multiple fratures to limbs. Access by insects: I don't know - I'm not about to dig her up to find out. Burial, and depth of burial: Wood Casket ONLY no vault and no grave liner, just the casket in dirt. She's about 12 feet under if there's room for 1 more person on top of her Access by scavengers: none Trauma, including wounds and crushing blows: many - hit by 2 cars going about 40-45mph each? blunt impact to torso. Humidity, or dryness: Her grave was very MUDDY (like we couldn't even access it, or walk on it 4-5 months after her burial. Cemetery denies it, but seems like its "on the moist side" - but it could be just because it was a fresh grave and that's normal? Rainfall: 2 years of average rain fall for the NYC area, It's been really rainy this week. Body size and weight: 5'2 and 110 Clothing: not sure The surface on which the body rests: 2 other dead relatives, the one beneath her is in a metal casket and he has a grave liner - (not a vault) I'm not sure what the difference is. She has no casket protection - she just a wood casket (don't know what kind of wood) in the ground for 2 years. What would she look like if she were exhumed today? I want extremely graffic descriptions please. Please don't copy and paste from other websites - I've already seen that - that's why I'm hear, because I'm not satisfied with the answers I found on the web - they were way, way, way to censored for me. Wow! Really? I didn't think water could get down there since she's buried so deep. Plus, we have VERY cold winters here where the ground is frozen for about 2-3 months, and very cool and it doesn't really get HOT hot until about July. So, she'd be totally decomposed already? Just bones? Nothing else? I see on "Dead Men Talking" sometimes they exhume bodies after 20 years because they have new forensic evidence and the bodies are into the decomposed process, but not all the way. ? Squarepants - no, no. she died at the hospital. She was not found the next day. She was hit by 2 cars, the drivers stayed with her till the abulance came, then she was taken to the hospital and pronounced dead on a Wednesday evening. Thursday, I don't know what went on with her - if she had a autopsy or was being embalmed or if they just kept her in refridgeration, but the next evening was her viewing and the next morning was her funeral and burial. I'm not sure if she was embalmed or not. Maybe because it was a one night viewing they didn't feel it was worth it. Seems like it was a "low-cost" (not cheap, but budget) funeral.

Why isn't Anne Bronte buried in the same vault with the entire rest of her family? I realize she is not as famous as her sisters Emily and Charlotte, but Emily was buried with her parents in the family vault below the church. Anne died six months later and was buried separately. Next came the deaths of Charlotte and much later a brother, Branwell, both of whom were buried with Emily and their parents in the vault. You can find the the findagrave.com information on Anne's burial here: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=136 and the burial of the rest of the family here: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1708 I guess my point is that family doesn't care whether you're famous or not, especially considering that the majority of fame for even Emily and Charlotte came posthumously, so why the difference in the burial sites? Any ideas or known facts out there?

Would you like to be a cherry tree when you die? An AP article in today's paper aboout coffins made of recycled newspapers are part of a trend toward "natural" burieals, which require no formaldehyde embalming, no cement vaults, chemical lawn treatments or laminated caskets. Advocates say such burials are less damaging to the environment. The use of fossil fuels in cremation has raised questions about the eco-friendliness of that method. Boidegradable containers would cost from about $100 for a basic cardboard box to more than $3000 for a fancy, handpainted model. The market is potentially huge. All you would need to be a cherry tree is your body, a burial site, a cardboard coffin, and a cherry tree planted on top of you. Fad, or viable alternative burial concept? Apparently there is no odor problem However, I have read that in cemetaries centuries ago, escaping gases from bodies could be seen hovering mistily above graves. Possibly one explanation for ghost stories in grave yards?

My mother ( 60 yrs. ) wants to make her own coffin.? My mom sincerely wants to build , sand , and varnish her own burial coffin . She is not i'll now infact her health is good and her mind extremely sharp. Mother would like the very best vault available - but her own hand-made coffin inside. We live in Iowa , are there laws against this ( building own coffin ) ? I'd appriciate any helpful information.

Homework HELP URGENT!! "the fall of the house of usher"? 1.THIS STORY IS ABOUT A.two men's friendship B.a visitor in an old house C.a man's sister love D.a man's fearful days 2.ON THE OUTSIDE WALL OF THE HOUSE THE NARRATOR SEES A.bright silver nails B.strong noew woodwork C.a long zigzag crack D.brick painted with a strage design 3.RODERICK SUFFERS FROM ALL EXCEPT A.too keen sences B.fear of danger C.fear of terror D.case of nerves 4.WHAT IS WRONG WITH RODERICK USHER'S SIS LADY MAD. A.fever B.case of nerves C.heart sikness D.unknow illness 5.WHERE DOES RODERICK PUT HIS SIS A.in a vault B.his room C.the lake D.family burial place 6.YOU CAN FIGURE OUT THAT RID. HAS NEVER MARRIED CUZ A.has no friends B.never met young women C.wants the usher fam to die out D.is afraid to leave his house 8.WHEN THE NARRATOR SAYS RODERICK REASONS WAS TOTTERING.. MEANS A.happy B.sad C.loosing his mind D.easily lost his balance while walking 9.WHICH BEST DESCRIBES STORY A.gloomy B.insane C.silly D.fearful 10.WHAT DOES USHER FEEL AS THE DOOR OPENS TO REVEAL HIS SISTER? A.terror B.joy C.love D.sadness 11.THE AUTHOR WOULD MOST AGREE WITH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A.fear can destroy B.great happiness when helping a friend C.house dies when owner dies D.love and fear are the same thing

funny word meanings..? Abundance - A baker's exercise (A-bun-dance) Arbitrator - A cook that leaves Arby's to work at McDonald's. Arcade - A lemonade type drink served on Noah's Ark. Avoidable - What a bullfighter tries to do. Babysitter - A small child that has not learned to crawl or walk. Baloney - Where some hemlines fall. Band-Aid - A fund to help a band. Bernadette - The act of torching a mortgage. Burglarize - What a crook sees with. Cadillac - Lack of cattle. Contents - Where con men sleep while on a camping trip. Control - A short, ugly inmate. Cookout - The cook's day off. Counterfeiters - Workers who put together kitchen cabinets. Cowlick - Bashing a cow. Cowhide - Game of Hide and Seek played by cows. Detail - Removing a tail. Dieting - The penalty for exceeding the feed limit. Dog Paddle - A rolled-up newspaper with which to punish a dog without hurting it. Doughnut - Holey food. Eclipse - What a Cockney barber does for a living. Eyedropper - A clumsy ophthalmologist. Fan Club - A weapon used by a celebrity so he won't be crushed by fans. Feather Brained - Fuzzy headed. Feather Head - An American Indian Chief. Fire Escape - A way for a fire to go out. First Lady - Eve. Flying Saucers - The wife is on a rampage. Funny Paper - (1) A paper that laughs. (2) The paper you read instead of going to church. Ghost Town - A town full of Haunted Houses. Girl Scout - A boy that "scouts" for girls. Good-bye - A bargain. Gossip - 24-hour teller. Handicap - A head cover that is easy to locate and wear. Hardship - A ship protected by thick cover. Hatchet - What a hen does to an egg. Hay - Grass a-la-mowed. Headlight - A dizzy spell. Heavy Duty - Loading an elephant. Hence - An enclosure around a hen yard. Heroes - What a guy in a boat does. High school - A school atop the Sears Building. High water - The main reason Noah built the ark. Himalaya - A rooster that lays an egg. Holy Smoke - A church on fire. House Keeper - A lady that kicks her husband out and keeps the house. Ideal Person - A card player that wants to deal everytime. Illegal - A sick bird. Installment - Putting a horse in a stall. Lad - A short ladder. Laughing Stock - Cattle, horses, sheep and hogs responding to a good joke. Layaway Plan - A pre-arranged burial plan. Laying Down The Law - Putting the law aside and making your own rules. Left Bank - What the robber did when his bag was full of loot. Life Jacket - A special coat that lasts a lifetime. Lip Service - Applying lipstick. Little Dipper - A small boy diving. Long Jump - When the cow jumped over the moon. Matchbook - A book about matches. Megaphone - A very large telephone. Mistletoe - Any animal with a toe missing. Misty - How golfers create divots. Mohair - What bald headed men need. Monkey Business - A petstore employing monkeys only. Moron - Someone that spent all night studying for a blood test. Moth Ball - A special social event for moths. Negative Feedback - One result of seasickness. Network - The process of making nets. Outfit - Pitching a fit outdoors. Over Leap - When the cow jumped over the moon. Overloaded - An elephant riding a bicycle. Oyster Bed - A place for an oyster to sleep. Pacifist - One that can't advocate peace without clinching his fist. Paradox - Two physicians. Parasites - What you see from the top of the EiffelTower. Pedestrian - An endagered species. Period - A comma that curled up and went to sleep. Pharmacist - A helper on the farm. Piggyback - A lost pig is back home. Pigment - A mint plant grown to feed hogs. Pineapple - An apple that grew on a pine tree. Polarize - What penguins see with. Pole Vault - A vault where poles hid from Hitler. Polite - A light on a pole. Polygon - A parrot that got away. Priesthood - A special headpiece for a priest. Primate - Removing your spouse from in front of the TV. Protest - Testing a professional person. Put-down - To hot to handle. Quarterback - Change when you pay for a 75¢ item with a dollar bill. Reform - To gain or lose weight. Refuse - Replacing a burned out fuse. Relief - What trees do in the spring. Remind - A brain transplant. Rest Stop - The traffic light is stuck on red. Retire - Replacement of tires. Ringworm - Worm with a bell. Rock Music - A lullaby sung in a rocking chair. Roman - A person that never settles very long in one place. Sausage - "Groundog". Scorekeeper - Someone that knows the score but keeps it to himself. Showoff - The show has been cancelled. Selfish - What the owner of a seafood store does. Single Entry - Single people only. Standing Order - Freeze! Subdued - Like, a guy who, like, works on one of those, like, submarines, man. Sudafed - Brought litigation against a government official. Sunny - A bright boy. Sunbeam - A heat proof beam supporting the sun. Sunburn - What you basked for. Sundial - An old-timer. Sweater - A person that freely perspires. Syntax - All the money collected at the church from sinners. Teenagers - People who are doing the things you wish we had thought of when we were younger. Time Keeper - A guy that didn't return your watch. Tireless - Have a car but have no tires. Tooth Picks - The choices many dentists give patients to select their artificial teeth. Touch-Me-Not - A person with a severe sunburn. Travelers Aid - A soft drink for tourists. Vitamin - What you do when someone comes to the house. Waffle Iron - A special additive to put more iron in waffles. Waterfall - A "watered-down" place in a stream. Well Done - A water, gas or oil well is completed. Weekend - A book with a blah ending. Whether - Unpredictable weather. Wildlife - Living it up! Witchcraft - Handmade crafts made for Halloween. Woodchuck - Throwing a heavy pole, post or other item made of wood. Workout - An outside job. Writer - One who corrects a wrong. Year Book - A book that takes a year to read. Zero Hour - Time kept by a "cuckoo" clock.

Pere Lachaise Cemetery burials? Are the graves in Pere Lachaise really vaults where the casket is lowered into a cement or brick enclosure then a marble or granite lid is cemented over it, and no dirt is used?

isn't this poetry beautiful? Snuffed tapers sighed As Death left impressing His crest of cold tears on the Countess Benighted like ill-fated Usher The House of Bathory shrouded 'Neath griefs dark facade If only I could have wept In mourning by Her side I would have clasped Her so tight Like storm-beached Aphrodite Drowned on Kytherean tides And Kissed Her For from Her alone My lips would have known Enigmas of shadowy vistas Where pleasures took flesh And pain, remorseless Came freezing the breath Of raucous life hushed unto whispers Benighted. Inhaling the pale waning moonlight that crept Through the crypt of Her Lord who so lucidly slept Benighted. Exhaling the wail of black widowhood's toll Waxing eternal night entered Her soul Now haranguing grey skies With revenge upon life Gnathic and Sapphic Needs begged gendercide Delusions of Grandier denounced the revolt Of descrying cursed glass, disenchanted in vaults Encircled by glyphs midst Her sin-sistered cult With hangman's abandon She plied spiritworlds To Archangels in bondage From light to night hurled Cast down to the earth where torment would unfurl....... But soon, Her tarot proved Hybrid rumours spread like tumours Would accrue And blight Her stars However scarred To better bitter truths Of cold bloodbaths As bodies rose In rigid droves To haunt Her from their Shallow burials imposed When wolves exhumed Their carthen wombs Where heavy frosts had laboured long To bare their wounds To the depths of Her soul they pursued Wielding their poison they flew Like a murder of ravens in fugue And knowing their raptures Would shatter Her dreams She clawed blackened books for damnation's reprieve Baneful cawed canons on amassed enemies So Hallow's Eve As She received Like Bellona to the ball Those enemies Fell-sisters heaved Her torturies Cross stained flagstones To Her carriage reined to flee But She knew She must brave the night through Though fear crept a deathshead o'er the moon Like a murder of ravens in Fugue For each masked, jewelled gaze held dread purpose Horror froze painted eyes to cold stares And even Her dance In the vast mirrors cast Looked the ill of Her future If fate feasted there.... In an age crucified by the nails of faith When rank scarecrows of christ blighted lands An aloof Countess born an obsidian wraith Dared the abyss knowing well She was damned Her life whispered grief like a funeral march Twisted and yearning, obsessed an entranced With those succumbing to cruelty Crushed 'neath the gait of Her dance A whirlwind of fire that swept through the briers Of sweet rose Her thickets of black thorn had grasped.... She demanded the Heavens and forever to glean The elixir of Youth from the pure Whilst Her lesbian fantasies Reamed to extremes O'er decades unleashed Came for blood's silken cure But Her reign ended swiftly For Dark Gods dreamt too deep To heed Her pleas When Her gaolers were assailed With condemnations from a priest Who'd stammered rites In the dead of night For maidens staining winding sheets And She postured proud When Her crimes were trowelled And jezebelled to peasant lips Though She smelt the fires That licked limbs higher To the tortured cunts of accomplices So ends this twisted fable's worth And though spared the pyre's bite By dint of nobled bloodlined birth Her sins [crimes] garnered Her no respite Forever severed from the thrill of coming night Where slow Death alone could grant Her flight "The Spirits have all but fled judgement I rot, alone, insane, Where the forest whispers puce laments for me From amidst the pine and wreathed wolfsbane Beyond these walls, wherein condemned To the gloom of an austere tomb I pace with feral madness sent Through the pale beams of a guiltless moon Who, bereft of necrologies, thus Commands creation over the earth Whilst I resign my lips to death A slow cold kiss that chides rebirth Though one last wish is bequathed by fate My beauty shalt wilt, unseen Save for twin black eyes that shalt come to take My soul to peace or Hell for company" My soul to Hell for company BY DANI FILTH OF CRADLE OF FILTH, BATHORY ARIA

Dominic Sonsee,a dwarf, died Temora on 28th October 1883 age 33 where is he buried? He was born in Creswick Victoria to Italian born father, Dominicko Sonsie/Sonsee and Irish immigrant Catherine English. He lost contact when he left his family to join a travelling show. When he died his body was taken to study by the NSW governement, however their university did not have a medical department apparently until 1962. Where is Dominic's body? Surely my great-great-great uncle is not still in a dusty vault in a museam somewhere? If so, I'd like to have him back to give him a proper burial.

Is Paris justified in insisting that Romeo is guilty of the deaths of Tybalt and Juliet? Romeo and Juliet quesiton please answer for 10 points asap thanks alot ! also.. What punishment does Paris demand for disturbing a burial vault?

Poll: Did you like The Oddysey or The Iliad better? I liked the Iliad better. This was my favorite part: Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant's wreath and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs. "Sons of Atreus," he cried, "and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove." On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. "Old man," said he, "let me not find you tarrying about our ships, nor yet coming hereafter. Your sceptre of the god and your wreath shall profit you nothing. I will not free her. She shall grow old in my house at Argos far from her own home, busying herself with her loom and visiting my couch; so go, and do not provoke me or it shall be the worse for you." The old man feared him and obeyed. Not a word he spoke, but went by the shore of the sounding sea and prayed apart to King Apollo whom lovely Leto had borne. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla and rulest Tenedos with thy might, hear me oh thou of Sminthe. If I have ever decked your temple with garlands, or burned your thigh-bones in fat of bulls or goats, grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans." Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He came down furious from the summits of Olympus, with his bow and his quiver upon his shoulder, and the arrows rattled on his back with the rage that trembled within him. He sat himself down away from the ships with a face as dark as night, and his silver bow rang death as he shot his arrow in the midst of them. First he smote their mules and their hounds, but presently he aimed his shafts at the people themselves, and all day long the pyres of the dead were burning. For nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people, but upon the tenth day Achilles called them in assembly- moved thereto by Juno, who saw the Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon them. Then, when they were got together, he rose and spoke among them. "Son of Atreus," said he, "I deem that we should now turn roving home if we would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and pestilence at once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader of dreams (for dreams, too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, and say whether it is for some vow that we have broken, or hecatomb that we have not offered, and whether he will accept the savour of lambs and goats without blemish, so as to take away the plague from us." With these words he sat down, and Calchas son of Thestor, wisest of augurs, who knew things past present and to come, rose to speak. He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him. With all sincerity and goodwill he addressed them thus:- "Achilles, loved of heaven, you bid me tell you about the anger of King Apollo, I will therefore do so; but consider first and swear that you will stand by me heartily in word and deed, for I know that I shall offend one who rules the Argives with might, to whom all the Achaeans are in subjection. A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no you will protect me." And Achilles answered, "Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon you from heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose oracles you reveal to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his hand upon you, while I yet live to look upon the face of the earth- no, not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans." Thereon the seer spoke boldly. "The god," he said, "is angry neither about vow nor hecatomb, but for his priest's sake, whom Agamemnon has dishonoured, in that he would not free his daughter nor take a ransom for her; therefore has he sent these evils upon us, and will yet send others. He will not deliver the Danaans from this pestilence till Agamemnon has restored the girl without fee or ransom to her father, and has sent a holy hecatomb to Chryse. Thus we may perhaps appease him." With these words he sat down, and Agamemnon rose in anger. His heart was black with rage, and his eyes flashed fire as he scowled on Calchas and said, "Seer of evil, you never yet prophesied smooth things concerning me, but have ever loved to foretell that which was evil. You have brought me neither comfort nor performance; and now you come seeing among Danaans, and saying that Apollo has plagued us because I would not take a ransom for this girl, the daughter of Chryses. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments. Still I will give her up if I must, for I would have the people live, not die; but you must find me a prize instead, or I alone among the Argives shall be without one. This is not well; for you behold, all of you, that my prize is to go elsewhither." And Achilles answered, "Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have no common store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities have been awarded; we cannot disallow the awards that have been made already. Give this girl, therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants us to sack the city of Troy we will requite you three and fourfold." Then Agamemnon said, "Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade me. Are you to keep your own prize, while I sit tamely under my loss and give up the girl at your bidding? Let the Achaeans find me a prize in fair exchange to my liking, or I will come and take your own, or that of Ajax or of Ulysses; and he to whomsoever I may come shall rue my coming. But of this we will take thought hereafter; for the present, let us draw a ship into the sea, and find a crew for her expressly; let us put a hecatomb on board, and let us send Chryseis also; further, let some chief man among us be in command, either Ajax, or Idomeneus, or yourself, son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the the anger of the god." Achilles scowled at him and answered, "You are steeped in insolence and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours- to gain satisfaction from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you." And Agamemnon answered, "Fly if you will, I shall make you no prayers to stay you. I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel. There is no king here so hateful to me as you are, for you are ever quarrelsome and ill affected. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so? Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons. I care neither for you nor for your anger; and thus will I do: since Phoebus Apollo is taking Chryseis from me, I shall send her with my ship and my followers, but I shall come to your tent and take your own prize Briseis, that you may learn how much stronger I am than you are, and that another may fear to set himself up as equal or comparable with me." The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and kill the son of Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger. While he was thus in two minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from its scabbard, Minerva came down from heaven (for Juno had sent her in the love she bore to them both), and seized the son of Peleus by his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others no man could see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed from her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva. "Why are you here," said he, "daughter of aegis-bearing Jove? To see the pride of Agamemnon, son of Atreus? Let me tell you- and it shall surely be- he shall pay for this insolence with his life." And Minerva said, "I come from heaven, if you will hear me, to bid you stay your anger. Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike. Cease, then, this brawling, and do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, and your railing will not be vain, for I tell you- and it shall surely be- that you shall hereafter receive gifts three times as splendid by reason of this present insult. Hold, therefore, and obey." "Goddess," answered Achilles, "however angry a man may be, he must do as you two command him. This will be best, for the gods ever hear the prayers of him who has obeyed them." He stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it back into the scabbard as Minerva bade him. Then she went back to Olympus among the other gods, and to the house of aegis-bearing Jove. But the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for he was still in a rage. "Wine-bibber," he cried, "with the face of a dog and the heart of a hind, you never dare to go out with the host in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in ambuscade. You shun this as you do death itself. You had rather go round and rob his prizes from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for you are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward you would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great oath- nay, by this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor shoot, nor bud anew from the day on which it left its parent stem upon the mountains- for the axe stripped it of leaf and bark, and now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges and guardians of the decrees of heaven- so surely and solemnly do I swear that hereafter they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the day of your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand of Hector, you shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your heart with rage for the hour when you offered insult to the bravest of the Achaeans." With this the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the ground and took his seat, while the son of Atreus was beginning fiercely from his place upon the other side. Then uprose smooth-tongued Nestor, the facile speaker of the Pylians, and the words fell from his lips sweeter than honey. Two generations of men born and bred in Pylos had passed away under his rule, and he was now reigning over the third. With all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:- "Of a truth," he said, "a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land. Surely Priam with his sons would rejoice, and the Trojans be glad at heart if they could hear this quarrel between you two, who are so excellent in fight and counsel. I am older than either of you; therefore be guided by me. Moreover I have been the familiar friend of men even greater than you are, and they did not disregard my counsels. Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals. These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them. I came from distant Pylos, and went about among them, for they would have me come, and I fought as it was in me to do. Not a man now living could withstand them, but they heard my words, and were persuaded by them. So be it also with yourselves, for this is the more excellent way. Therefore, Agamemnon, though you be strong, take not this girl away, for the sons of the Achaeans have already given her to Achilles; and you, Achilles, strive not further with the king, for no man who by the grace of Jove wields a sceptre has like honour with Agamemnon. You are strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon is stronger than you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus, check your anger, I implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who in the day of battle is a tower of strength to the Achaeans." And Agamemnon answered, "Sir, all that you have said is true, but this fellow must needs become our lord and master: he must be lord of all, king of all, and captain of all, and this shall hardly be. Granted that the gods have made him a great warrior, have they also given him the right to speak with railing?" Achilles interrupted him. "I should be a mean coward," he cried, "were I to give in to you in all things. Order other people about, not me, for I shall obey no longer. Furthermore I say- and lay my saying to your heart- I shall fight neither you nor any man about this girl, for those that take were those also that gave. But of all else that is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood." When they had quarrelled thus angrily, they rose, and broke up the assembly at the ships of the Achaeans. The son of Peleus went back to his tents and ships with the son of Menoetius and his company, while Agamemnon drew a vessel into the water and chose a crew of twenty oarsmen. He escorted Chryseis on board and sent moreover a hecatomb for the god. And Ulysses went as captain. These, then, went on board and sailed their ways over the sea. But the son of Atreus bade the people purify themselves; so they purified themselves and cast their filth into the sea. Then they offered hecatombs of bulls and goats without blemish on the sea-shore, and the smoke with the savour of their sacrifice rose curling up towards heaven. Thus did they busy themselves throughout the host. But Agamemnon did not forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and called his trusty messengers and squires Talthybius and Eurybates. "Go," said he, "to the tent of Achilles, son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her- which will press him harder." He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons. They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships, and ill-pleased he was when he beheld them. They stood fearfully and reverently before him, and never a word did they speak, but he knew them and said, "Welcome, heralds, messengers of gods and men; draw near; my quarrel is not with you but with Agamemnon who has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus, bring her and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon's anger, that if ever again there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they shall seek and they shall not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and knows not how to look before and after that the Achaeans may fight by their ships in safety." Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him. He brought Briseis from the tent and gave her over to the heralds, who took her with them to the ships of the Achaeans- and the woman was loth to go. Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters. He raised his hands in prayer to his immortal mother, "Mother," he cried, "you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my prize by force." As he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was sitting in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith she rose as it were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before him as he stood weeping, caressed him with her hand, and said, "My son, why are you weeping? What is it that grieves you? Keep it not from me, but tell me, that we may know it together." Achilles drew a deep sigh and said, "You know it; why tell you what you know well already? We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans shared it duly among themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the meed of Agamemnon; but Chryses, priest of Apollo, came to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo, wreathed with a suppliant's wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs. "On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. So he went back in anger, and Apollo, who loved him dearly, heard his prayer. Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans. At last a seer in the fulness of his knowledge declared to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to say that we should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and threatened that which he has since done. The Achaeans are now taking the girl in a ship to Chryse, and sending gifts of sacrifice to the god; but the heralds have just taken from my tent the daughter of Briseus, whom the Achaeans had awarded to myself. "Help your brave son, therefore, if you are able. Go to Olympus, and if you have ever done him service in word or deed, implore the aid of Jove. Ofttimes in my father's house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others, with Juno, Neptune, and Pallas Minerva would have put him in bonds. It was you, goddess, who delivered him by calling to Olympus the hundred-handed monster whom gods call Briareus, but men Aegaeon, for he is stronger even than his father; when therefore he took his seat all-glorious beside the son of Saturn, the other gods were afraid, and did not bind him. Go, then, to him, remind him of all this, clasp his knees, and bid him give succour to the Trojans. Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king, and that Agamemnon may rue his blindness in offering insult to the foremost of the Achaeans." Thetis wept and answered, "My son, woe is me that I should have borne or suckled you. Would indeed that you had lived your span free from all sorrow at your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you should be at once short of life and long of sorrow above your peers: woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore you; nevertheless I will go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to Jove, if he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you are with your ships, nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight. For Jove went yesterday to Oceanus, to a feast among the Ethiopians, and the other gods went with him. He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him." On this she left him, still furious at the loss of her that had been taken from him. Meanwhile Ulysses reached Chryse with the hecatomb. When they had come inside the harbour they furled the sails and laid them in the ship's hold; they slackened the forestays, lowered the mast into its place, and rowed the ship to the place where they would have her lie; there they cast out their mooring-stones and made fast the hawsers. They then got out upon the sea-shore and landed the hecatomb for Apollo; Chryseis also left the ship, and Ulysses led her to the altar to deliver her into the hands of her father. "Chryses," said he, "King Agamemnon has sent me to bring you back your child, and to offer sacrifice to Apollo on behalf of the Danaans, that we may propitiate the god, who has now brought sorrow upon the Argives." So saying he gave the girl over to her father, who received her gladly, and they ranged the holy hecatomb all orderly round the altar of the god. They washed their hands and took up the barley-meal to sprinkle over the victims, while Chryses lifted up his hands and prayed aloud on their behalf. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla, and rulest Tenedos with thy might. Even as thou didst hear me aforetime when I prayed, and didst press hardly upon the Achaeans, so hear me yet again, and stay this fearful pestilence from the Danaans." Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal, they drew back the heads of the victims and killed and flayed them. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, set some pieces of raw meat on the top of them, and then Chryses laid them on the wood fire and poured wine over them, while the young men stood near him with five-pronged spits in their hands. When the thigh-bones were burned and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon the spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off: then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, pages filled the mixing-bowl with wine and water and handed it round, after giving every man his drink-offering. Thus all day long the young men worshipped the god with song, hymning him and chaunting the joyous paean, and the god took pleasure in their voices; but when the sun went down, and it came on dark, they laid themselves down to sleep by the stern cables of the ship, and when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared they again set sail for the host of the Achaeans. Apollo sent them a fair wind, so they raised their mast and hoisted their white sails aloft. As the sail bellied with the wind the ship flew through the deep blue water, and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. When they reached the wide-stretching host of the Achaeans, they drew the vessel ashore, high and dry upon the sands, set her strong props beneath her, and went their ways to their own tents and ships. But Achilles abode at his ships and nursed his anger. He went not to the honourable assembly, and sallied not forth to fight, but gnawed at his own heart, pining for battle and the war-cry. Now after twelve days the immortal gods came back in a body to Olympus, and Jove led the way. Thetis was not unmindful of the charge her son had laid upon her, so she rose from under the sea and went through great heaven with early morning to Olympus, where she found the mighty son of Saturn sitting all alone upon its topmost ridges. She sat herself down before him, and with her left hand seized his knees, while with her right she caught him under the chin, and besought him, saying- "Father Jove, if I ever did you service in word or deed among the immortals, hear my prayer, and do honour to my son, whose life is to be cut short so early. King Agamemnon has dishonoured him by taking his prize and keeping her. Honour him then yourself, Olympian lord of counsel, and grant victory to the Trojans, till the Achaeans give my son his due and load him with riches in requital." Jove sat for a while silent, and without a word, but Thetis still kept firm hold of his knees, and besought him a second time. "Incline your head," said she, "and promise me surely, or else deny me- for you have nothing to fear- that I may learn how greatly you disdain me." At this Jove was much troubled and answered, "I shall have trouble if you set me quarrelling with Juno, for she will provoke me with her taunting speeches; even now she is always railing at me before the other gods and accusing me of giving aid to the Trojans. Go back now, lest she should find out. I will consider the matter, and will bring it about as wish. See, I incline my head that you believe me. This is the most solemn that I can give to any god. I never recall my word, or deceive, or fail to do what I say, when I have nodded my head." As he spoke the son of Saturn bowed his dark brows, and the ambrosial locks swayed on his immortal head, till vast Olympus reeled. When the pair had thus laid their plans, they parted- Jove to his house, while the goddess quitted the splendour of Olympus, and plunged into the depths of the sea. The gods rose from their seats, before the coming of their sire. Not one of them dared to remain sitting, but all stood up as he came among them. There, then, he took his seat. But Juno, when she saw him, knew that he and the old merman's daughter, silver-footed Thetis, had been hatching mischief, so she at once began to upbraid him. "Trickster," she cried, "which of the gods have you been taking into your counsels now? You are always settling matters in secret behind my back, and have never yet told me, if you could help it, one word of your intentions." "Juno," replied the sire of gods and men, "you must not expect to be informed of all my counsels. You are my wife, but you would find it hard to understand them. When it is proper for you to hear, there is no one, god or man, who will be told sooner, but when I mean to keep a matter to myself, you must not pry nor ask questions." "Dread son of Saturn," answered Juno, "what are you talking about? I? Pry and ask questions? Never. I let you have your own way in everything. Still, I have a strong misgiving that the old merman's daughter Thetis has been talking you over, for she was with you and had hold of your knees this self-same morning. I believe, therefore, that you have been promising her to give glory to Achilles, and to kill much people at the ships of the Achaeans." "Wife," said Jove, "I can do nothing but you suspect me and find it out. You will take nothing by it, for I shall only dislike you the more, and it will go harder with you. Granted that it is as you say; I mean to have it so; sit down and hold your tongue as I bid you for if I once begin to lay my hands about you, though all heaven were on your side it would profit you nothing." On this Juno was frightened, so she curbed her stubborn will and sat down in silence. But the heavenly beings were disquieted throughout the house of Jove, till the cunning workman Vulcan began to try and pacify his mother Juno. "It will be intolerable," said he, "if you two fall to wrangling and setting heaven in an uproar about a pack of mortals. If such ill counsels are to prevail, we shall have no pleasure at our banquet. Let me then advise my mother- and she must herself know that it will be better- to make friends with my dear father Jove, lest he again scold her and disturb our feast. If the Olympian Thunderer wants to hurl us all from our seats, he can do so, for he is far the strongest, so give him fair words, and he will then soon be in a good humour with us." As he spoke, he took a double cup of nectar, and placed it in his mother's hand. "Cheer up, my dear mother," said he, "and make the best of it. I love you dearly, and should be very sorry to see you get a thrashing; however grieved I might be, I could not help for there is no standing against Jove. Once before when I was trying to help you, he caught me by the foot and flung me from the heavenly threshold. All day long from morn till eve, was I falling, till at sunset I came to ground in the island of Lemnos, and there I lay, with very little life left in me, till the Sintians came and tended me." Juno smiled at this, and as she smiled she took the cup from her son's hands. Then Vulcan drew sweet nectar from the mixing-bowl, and served it round among the gods, going from left to right; and the blessed gods laughed out a loud applause as they saw him ing bustling about the heavenly mansion. Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun they feasted, and every one had his full share, so that all were satisfied. Apollo struck his lyre, and the Muses lifted up their sweet voices, calling and answering one another. But when the sun's glorious light had faded, they went home to bed, each in his own abode, which lame Vulcan with his consummate skill had fashioned for them. So Jove, the Olympian Lord of Thunder, hied him to the bed in which he always slept; and when he had got on to it he went to sleep, with Juno of the golden throne by his side. Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles, and destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end he deemed it would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon; so he called one to him and said to it, "Lying Dream, go to the ships of the Achaeans, into the tent of Agamemnon, and say to him word to word as I now bid you. Tell him to get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans." The dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the ships of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found him in his tent, wrapped in a profound slumber. It hovered over his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured above all his councillors, and said:- "You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this, and when you wake see that it does not escape you." The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were, surely not to be accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to take the city of Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of Jove, who had many another hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans and Trojans. Then presently he woke, with the divine message still ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put on his soft shirt so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and sallied forth to the ships of the Achaeans. The goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent the criers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of the elders at the ship of Nestor king of Pylos, and when they were assembled he laid a cunning counsel before them. "My friends," said he, "I have had a dream from heaven in the dead of night, and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor's. It hovered over my head and said, 'You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I am a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this.' The dream then vanished and I awoke. Let us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But it will be well that I should first sound them, and to this end I will tell them to fly with their ships; but do you others go about among the host and prevent their doing so." He then sat down, and Nestor the prince of Pylos with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: "My friends," said he, "princes and councillors of the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had told us of this dream we should have declared it false, and would have had nothing to do with it. But he who has seen it is the foremost man among us; we must therefore set about getting the people under arms." With this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred kings rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; but the people pressed forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the spring flowers, bunched in knots and clusters; even so did the mighty multitude pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and range themselves upon the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire Rumour, messenger of Jove, urging them ever to the fore. Thus they gathered in a pell-mell of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as the people sought their places. Nine heralds went crying about among them to stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at last they were got into their several places and ceased their clamour. Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the Argives. "My friends," he said, "heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Priam before returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer in number than themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think that the Achaeans and Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and that they have each been numbered- the Trojans by the roll of their householders, and we by companies of ten; think further that each of our companies desired to have a Trojan householder to pour out their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full many a company would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the town allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being able to sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove years are gone; the timbers of our ships have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer. Our wives and little ones at home look anxiously for our coming, but the work that we came hither to do has not been done. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land, for we shall not take Troy." With these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of them as knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to and fro like the waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south winds break from heaven's clouds to lash them; or as when the west wind sweeps over a field of corn and the ears bow beneath the blast, even so were they swayed as they flew with loud cries towards the ships, and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward. They cheered each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the channels in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they to return. Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was not fated. But Juno said to Minerva, "Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over the broad sea, and leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea." Minerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of the Achaeans. There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing alone. He had not as yet laid a hand upon his ship, for he was grieved and sorry; so she went close up to him and said, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves into your ships and be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea." Ulysses knew the voice as that of the goddess: he flung his cloak from him and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca, who waited on him, took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went straight up to Agamemnon and received from him his ancestral, imperishable staff. With this he went about among the ships of the Achaeans. Whenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him fairly. "Sir," said he, "this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand to your post, and bid your people also keep their places. You do not yet know the full mind of Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long will visit the Achaeans with his displeasure. We were not all of us at the council to hear what he then said; see to it lest he be angry and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the hand of Jove is with them." But when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, "Sirrah, hold your peace, and listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and no soldier; you are nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all be kings; it is not well that there should be many masters; one man must be supreme- one king to whom the son of scheming Saturn has given the sceptre of sovereignty over you all." Thus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the thunder of surf when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all the sea is in an uproar. The rest now took their seats and kept to their own several places, but Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue- a man of many words, and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against all who were in authority, who cared not what he said, so that he might set the Achaeans in a laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those that came before Troy- bandy-legged, lame of one foot, with his two shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest. His head ran up to a point, but there was little hair on the top of it. Achilles and Ulysses hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont to wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping his abuse on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet none the less he kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus. "Agamemnon," he cried, "what ails you now, and what more do you want? Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever we take a town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more gold, which some Trojan is to give you as a ransom for his son, when I or another Achaean has taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl to hide and lie with? It is not well that you, the ruler of the Achaeans, should bring them into such misery. Weakling cowards, women rather than men, let us sail home, and leave this fellow here at Troy to stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether we were of any service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is, and see how he has treated him- robbing him of his prize and keeping it himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son of Atreus, you would never again insult him." Thus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked him sternly. "Check your glib tongue, Thersites," said be, "and babble not a word further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back you. There is no viler creature come before Troy with the sons of Atreus. Drop this chatter about kings, and neither revile them nor keep harping about going home. We do not yet know how things are going to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return with good success or evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the Danaans have awarded him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore- and it shall surely be- that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit my own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will take you, strip you stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly till you go blubbering back to the ships." On this he beat him with his staff about the back and shoulders till he dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody weal on his back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish as he wiped the tears from his eyes. The people were sorry for him, yet they laughed heartily, and one would turn to his neighbour saying, "Ulysses has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council, but he never did the Argives a better turn than when he stopped this fellow's mouth from prating further. He will give the kings no more of his insolence." Thus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva in the likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who were far off might hear him and consider his council. He therefore with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus:- "King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from Argos, that you should not return till you had sacked the town of Troy, and, like children or widowed women, they murmur and would set off homeward. True it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened. A man chafes at having to stay away from his wife even for a single month, when he is on shipboard, at the mercy of wind and sea, but it is now nine long years that we have been kept here; I cannot, therefore, blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be shamed if we go home empty after so long a stay- therefore, my friends, be patient yet a little longer that we may learn whether the prophesyings of Calchas were false or true. "All who have not since perished must remember as though it were yesterday or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the Trojans. We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs to the gods upon their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree from beneath which there welled a stream of pure water. Then we saw a prodigy; for Jove sent a fearful serpent out of the ground, with blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under the altar on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves, eight in all, and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent ate the poor cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting her little ones; but the serpent threw his coils about her and caught her by the wing as she was screaming. Then, when he had eaten both the sparrow and her young, the god who had sent him made him become a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn turned him into stone, and we stood there wondering at that which had come to pass. Seeing, then, that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs, Calchas forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. 'Why, Achaeans,' said he, 'are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in coming, and long ere it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for ever. As the serpent ate the eight fledglings and the sparrow that hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we fight nine years at Troy, but in the tenth shall take the town.' This was what he said, and now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till we take the city of Priam." On this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with the uproar. Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. "Shame on you," he cried, "to stay talking here like children, when you should fight like men. Where are our covenants now, and where the oaths that we have taken? Shall our counsels be flung into the fire, with our drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship wherein we have put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our talking here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus, by your own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and leave this handful of men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain, to get back to Argos ere they have learned whether Jove be true or a liar. For the mighty son of Saturn surely promised that we should succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and destruction upon the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his lightning on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has first lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and sorrow that he has suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if any man is in such haste to be at home again, let him lay his hand to his ship that he may meet his doom in the sight of all. But, O king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I say may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help one another. If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will find out who, both chiefs and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards; for they will vie against the other. Thus you shall also learn whether it is through the counsel of heaven or the cowardice of man that you shall fail to take the town." And Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I had among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it. But the son of Saturn afflicts me with bootless wranglings and strife. Achilles and I are quarrelling about this girl, in which matter I was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the Trojans will not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your morning meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a moment, till night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be wet with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon your spears, your horses shall steam in front of your chariots, and if I see any man shirking the fight, or trying to keep out of it at the ships, there shall be no help for him, but he shall be a prey to dogs and vultures." Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was. They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying, "Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him." Thus he prayed, but the son of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer. He accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil continually. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal upon the victim, they drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed it. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top of them. These they burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the inward meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones were burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off; then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. "King Agamemnon," said he, "let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that heaven has put into our hands. Let the heralds summon the people to gather at their several ships; we will then go about among the host, that we may begin fighting at once." Thus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent the criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them, and the people gathered thereon. The chiefs about the son of Atreus chose their men and marshalled them, while Minerva went among them holding her priceless aegis that knows neither age nor death. From it there waved a hundred tassels of pure gold, all deftly woven, and each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this she darted furiously everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them forward, and putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even than returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven. They were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain about the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither, glorying in the pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the fen is alive with their screaming. Even thus did their tribes pour from ships and tents on to the plain of the Scamander, and the ground rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer. As countless swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman's homestead in the time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so did the Achaeans swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy them. The chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began, drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they have got mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon, with a head and face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars, and a chest like that of Neptune. As some great bull that lords it over the herds upon the plain, even so did Jove make the son of Atreus stand peerless among the multitude of heroes. And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me- for you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know nothing but by report- who were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans? As for the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, were to recount them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of the ships and all the fleet together. Peneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains of the Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis, and who held Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with Thespeia, Graia, and the fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma, Eilesium, and Erythrae; and they had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe the haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus; Plataea and Glisas; the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its famous grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each there were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians. Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the people that dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with Mars secretly into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With these there came thirty ships. The Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty Iphitus the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus, rocky Pytho, holy Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt in Anemorea and Hyampolis, and about the waters of the river Cephissus, and Lilaea by the springs of the Cephissus; with their chieftains came forty ships, and they marshalled the forces of the Phoceans, which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left. Ajax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not so great, nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was a little man, and his breastplate was made of linen, but in use of the spear he excelled all the Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, Bessa, Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him there came forty ships of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea. The fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria, Histiaea rich in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched town of Dium; with them were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor of the race of Mars was in command of these; he was son of Chalcodon, and chief over all the Abantes. With him they came, fleet of foot and wearing their hair long behind, brave warriors, who would ever strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their long ashen spears. Of these there came fifty ships. And they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great Erechtheus, who was born of the soil itself, but Jove's daughter, Minerva, fostered him, and established him at Athens in her own rich sanctuary. There, year by year, the Athenian youths worship him with sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were commanded by Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was older. With him there came fifty ships. Ajax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside those of the Athenians. The men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard lands of Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina and Mases; these were led by Diomed of the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus son of famed Capaneus. With them in command was Euryalus, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With these there came eighty ships. Those who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae; Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia, high Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about Helice; these sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon, son of Atreus. His force was far both finest and most numerous, and in their midst was the king himself, all glorious in his armour of gleaming bronze- foremost among the heroes, for he was the greatest king, and had most men under him. And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships, drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the sake of Helen. The men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos, and Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy for ever. He was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and reigned, and boasted that he would surpass even the Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, if they should sing against him; whereon they were angry, and maimed him. They robbed him of his divine power of song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre no more. These were commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him there came ninety ships. And those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near the tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand; the men of Pheneus also, and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, Stratie, and bleak Enispe; of Tegea and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia; of these King Agapenor son of Ancaeus was commander, and they had sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good soldiers, came in each one of them, but Agamemnon found them the ships in which to cross the sea, for they were not a people that occupied their business upon the waters. The men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium. These had four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many Epeans on board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius- the one, son of Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus- both of the race of Actor. The two others were Diores, son of Amarynces, and Polyxenus, son of King Agasthenes, son of Augeas. And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and the son of valiant Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his father, and went to settle in Dulichium. With him there came forty ships. Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with its forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with the mainland also that was over against the islands. These were led by Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, and with him there came twelve ships. Thoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron, Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great king Oeneus had now no sons living, and was himself dead, as was also golden-haired Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be their king. And with Thoas there came forty ships. The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus, and the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus that lies upon the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium, with the other peoples that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete. All these were led by Idomeneus, and by Meriones, peer of murderous Mars. And with these there came eighty ships. Tlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature, brought nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in Rhodes which is divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus, and Cameirus, that lies upon the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus, son of Hercules by Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra, on the river Selleis, after sacking many cities of valiant warriors. When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his father's uncle Licymnius, who had been a famous warrior in his time, but was then grown old. On this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and fled beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons of Hercules. After a voyage. during which he suffered great hardship, he came to Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities, according to their tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord, of gods and men; wherefore the son of Saturn showered down great riches upon them. And Nireus brought three ships from Syme- Nireus, who was the handsomest man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus- but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following. And those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city of Eurypylus,